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Ragnar

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A Silence That Screams
« on: April 13, 2009, 12:37:16 PM »

http://www.freethoughtpedia.com/wiki/A_Silence_That_Screams

Has this been discussed before? I thought someone on here said Tacitus and Josephus mentioned Jesus. According to this, they didn't.

This is a pretty big who's who that lived during the supposed lifetime of Jesus, so it does seem rather strange that the Jesus described in the Gospels is not even mentioned by any of these people.

I am not familiar with the writings of these people, I only know them by name. If you have a bit of text from any of them that hints at the existence of Jesus, please give me a source that I can see for myself.
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Zagzagel

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #1 on: April 13, 2009, 09:51:22 PM »

To be honest.. this has bugged me for my many years as a someone who has accepted the Christian view/ideal.

I've often wondered why there are not enough documents to mention such an extra-ordinary man called Jesus who did things which no man has ever done before.

BUT.. I am wondering if this is true then this excludes a God who actually created the world.. of you and I?

I Don't think this reading actually does much harm to the Christian camp right now concerning the belief of a God (but surely something that should be addressed) But I think the big problem is solving the Theistic view that there is a God who created all things which this reading doesn't go into.

I've been looking into this for myself.. and still continuing my studies... and still Theistic.

More on this later.  Tired and must go to bed.  Nighty night. [howumakemefeel

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Anthony Horvath

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #2 on: April 14, 2009, 09:38:07 AM »

The link isn't coming up for me so I don't know what it says.  As to what you say about Tacitus and Josephus, they most certainly do mention Jesus. 

Josephus references Jesus in two places.  One of those places has been attacked as an interpolation.  In other words, most scholars that have looked at the passage accuse it of exaggeration but concede, minimally, that there is a reference to Jesus.

As a good example of what I mean, consider this assessment by James Tabor, who I would list as among the freak liberal scholars hell bent on discrediting Christianity whenever they get a chance and consequently are cited as often as possible in the mainstream media:  http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/josephus-jesus.html

Note that he references an Arabic text of the 'Testimonium Flavianum' which he considers as obviously untainted by Christian meddling- and that text still has the mention of Jesus.

As an aside, Tabor illustrates his bias by failing to note that the Arabs would have had as much reason to de-interpolate as he alleges the Christians would have had reason to interpolate.  The Muslims must be trusted- they wouldn't lie about Jesus!  But the Christians, of course, are devious scum.

At any rate, when a guy as liberal and anti-Christian as Tabor concedes that there is nonetheless, a reference to Jesus, one should probably just accept the fact that Josephus probably does reference Jesus in this passage.

(Tabor also fails to mention that there are in fact far earlier references to this passage out of Josephus then the 11th century.  Par for the course.)

All that said, even if you wanted to throw out the TF despite the fact that even liberal scholars concede there is a core reference to Jesus, there is yet another reference to Jesus in Josephus that is completely undisputed.

Here again from Tabor is the citation of that reference.  Please note the utter lack of commentary about this passage.  That is because there is nothing to say.

http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/james.html

In my opinion, anyone who honestly proposes that Josephus didn't mention Jesus at all is probably is completely out of touch with reality and hopelessly biased.

As for Tacitus, here again there is no credible person who disputes that Tacitus mentions Jesus.  Even fringe liberal scholars and pundits admit that Tacitus does in fact mention Jesus.  Their only recourse in the case of Tacitus is to desperately impose on the Tacitus text a standard they apply to virtually nothing else in history- ie, they aim to dismiss Tacitus's reference because- they say- it is not a primary source or independent.  Probably 98% of what we believe really happened in the past comes from the same kind of information as we see here in the Tacitus passage, so you can guess how I feel about that approach.

Nonetheless, there is a citation of Jesus in Tacitus and someone who says otherwise is either lying or so biased that they might in fact be hopelessly deranged.

Tektonics has a good discussion of the relevant issues and the text in question:

http://www.tektonics.org/tekton_01_01_01_TC.html

I wish that I could have seen the link you've cited.  Just from your statement that they insist that neither Josephus and Tacitus mention Jesus makes me instantly ready to dismiss them as typical skeptical crazies who are willing to advance even the silliest ideas as more plausible than the possibility that any aspect of Christianity- not even that Jesus existed- could be possibly true.
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Ragnar

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #3 on: April 14, 2009, 11:43:00 AM »

Here are the passages about Josephus and the TF and Tacitus:

The infamous "Testimonium Flavium" appears to have been inserted into the Antiquities about the time of the 4th century. A key proof for this comes from the fact that while early Christians cited Josephus, none of them ever cited the Testimonium, even in situations where they were striving to provide historical proof for Jesus (i.e. in debates with Jewish scholars):

Justin Martyr (circa C.E. 100-165) never once quoted the passage -- even in the face of charges that Christians had "invented some sort of Christ for themselves" and that they had accepted "a futile rumor" (Dialogue with Trypho 8; circa C.E. 135).
Clement of Alexandria (ca. 192) - familiar with the works of Josephus
Tertullian (ca. 193) - familiar with the works of Josephus
Origen (circa C.E. 185-254), who in his own writings relies extensively upon the works of Josephus, does not mention this passage or any other passage in Josephus that mentions Christ. Not even when he is in dialogue against Celsus' accusations!
Jerome (circa C.E. 347-420) cites Josephus 90 times, but never once cites the Testimonium.
(citation: Lost and Hostile Gospels, Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould)

Logic itself tells us that had Josephus written the Testimonium, he would have written more than 3 lines concerning the existence of the Jewish Messiah in a book dedicated to Jewish History! You can't mention the Jewish messiah in passing in a book dedicated to a history of Judaism. You might as well write a book called "The Solar System" without mentioning the sun, except in a footnote on page 474.

Remsberg writes on this point poignantly:

"Its brevity disproves its authenticity. Josephus' work is voluminous and exhaustive. It comprises twenty books. Whole pages are devoted to petty robbers and obscure seditious leaders. Nearly fourty chapters are devoted to the life of a single king. Yet this remarkable being, the greatest product of his race, a being of whom the prophets foretold ten thousand wonderful things, a being greater than any earthly king, is dismissed with a dozen lines."[11]
It's brevity in fact points to interpolation:

Richard Carrier writes:

"An expert on manuscripts would know the problem here: scrolls have a fixed length. Each book of a work usually had to be no larger than would fit on one scroll, and certainly it was problematic for a copyist to break the pattern and use more scrolls than his source text (it would throw off everything, and make consulting the work a nightmare for any reader). This fact argues in favor of interpolation. If the material came from Josephus, he could have written more about such a topic (surely, since as we now have it, it is a marvelous digression indeed to warrant so slight a coverage), and just ended the whole book sooner, thus creating no problem. But if the material was added by a later editor, there would have been very little space to work with: so the addition had to be short, short enough to prevent the whole book from exceeding a standard scroll's length. (The interpolation was perhaps made by the 4th century Christian librarian Eusebius: see Kirby's "The Testimonium Flavianum."[12]
Logic also provides us with yet another powerful clue as to the falsity of the Testimonium: Josephus lived and died a Jew, never converting to Christianity. Why would he call Jesus "the Jewish Messiah" in the text? Even a Christian apologist, normally at home with warping logic well past its breaking point, ought to find it difficult to reconcile the claim that Josephus had any substantial evidence of Jesus as the Messiah with the fact that he never converted to Christianity. How could Josephus have good evidence for the existence of a messiah, and yet, at the same time, die a Jew?

There's really only one way to salvage the Testimonium: to use Jeffery J. Lowder's argument that the Testimonium was radically altered by Christians, and that the original Josephus passage was a second hand reference to a purely human Jesus who, while worthy of a brief note, did not merit more than a few lines of text, let alone consideration as the Jewish Messiah. This would explain why Christians did not cite it until it was radically altered: because it was an actual refutation of the gospel claim of Jesus the Christ.

Lowder writes:

"There are many scholars who believe the original text contained an authentic reference to Jesus but was later embellished by Christian copyists. I have italicized the sections widely regarded as interpolations":
Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews, and many of the Gentiles. He was the Christ, and when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians so named from him are not extinct at this day.
Lowder states that this may explain why no early Christian cited the Testimonium: because it did nothing to support the existence of Jesus as Jesus the Christ.[13]

The two most plausible explanations for the Testimonium: that it is either entirely or partially a fraud, both create a serious problem for the Christian.

If the Testimonium is a complete fiction, it leaves the christian without any historical corroboration from Josephus.

If it is a tampered document, it shows that there is a non contemporary account of Jesus, one who may even meet one of the criteria mentioned in Mark (drawing crowds). But it indicates that Josephus did not consider this Jesus to be anything more than a revered teacher - literally noteworthy - but hardly the wonder worker of the book of Mark, a fact that embarrassed early Christians to the point that they 1) ignored the passage for centuries, even while citing Josephus elsewhere and 2) later saw fit to deceptively alter the passage.

It should also be noted that some argue that Antiquities section 20.9 makes an indirect reference to Jesus. This claim is examined here: http://www.inu.net/skeptic/gospels.html

There is good reason to believe that the reference to a "Jesus' here is actually a reference to Jesus, son of d--neus that has been tampered with by later Christians, and not an actual reference to 'Jesus, son of Joseph', although Origen does cite this passage as historical evidence for Jesus. And again, the same point remains: the idea that a historian would mention the Messiah in passing while discussing an issue of minor relevance (and not elsewhere) staggers reason itself.

[edit] Tacitus
Tacitus (ca. 56
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Zagzagel

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #4 on: April 14, 2009, 03:44:44 PM »

That was a good read. 

However.. I think this boils down to what historical writings one wants to believe. 

IF ever the NT writings were taken seriously as any other historical document out there.. then?

No wonder the Jesus Movement do what they do.

That is not impressive to me at all.

Besides, there could be reasons why the Jesus story couldn't be shared.  The Acts Of The Apostles already recorded something of that sort.. for example.. pressure not to speak of the Jesus?

This is a good study.. and I'm still Christian.. not because of lack of information.. but because of there is enough information.
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Anthony Horvath

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #5 on: April 14, 2009, 03:46:05 PM »

Somehow I knew Carrier and Lowder would be behind this.  I assume you just copied and pasted from the page so now I know what the page said, right?

It would seem that I anticipated the matter quite directly if it is.  By citing someone like Tabor who definitely takes an emphatic liberal line I have insulated myself from the charge that my own position is partisan.  As Tabor points out, there is an Arabic version and this version also mentions Jesus.  As I mentioned, even if you threw out the TF altogether, there would still be the other passage I referenced and that one is contested by virtually no one.

So it is just bunk to deny that Josephus references Jesus.  

For the record, I personally don't believe the passage is a forgery or an interpolation at all.  However, as the above achieves all that is necessary I don't personally feel inclined to defend my view vigorously.

As for Tacitus, the link I provided anticipated the same material.  In fact, JP Holding is addressing Lowder and Carrier directly.

I would be careful in accepting what the Internet Infidels say on this matter uncritically.  As is frequently said in retort to their arguments, if we applied their groping methodology to everything else consistently we'd have to abandon everything we think we know about the past.  That is a heady price to pay.  Naturally, the Infidels have never had any inclination to apply their reasonings consistently.

As a final note, I am glad that they mentioned this:
Quote
However, the key point here is that Tacitus did in fact write a thorough history of the purported times of Jesus and his ministry, and while this work is lost to us, Tacitus never makes any cross reference to it during his discussion of christians and Nero nor at any other point in his surviving works.

It is important, I think, to remember that the passage that we do have from Tacitus is from a section that is not specifically covering the time frame and location of Jesus.  As such, it is a little absurd to demand that Tacitus treat the issue of Jesus with any kind of thoroughness.  It would be like demanding that the Encyclopedia treat the subject of Zebras in the G volume when as it happens the Z volume is lost.

Another quick thought since what you've provided relies so much on the absence of mention by a series of writers... the basic theory I have for this 'silence' is quite simple:  when these people were writing they never envisioned people would be so daft as to suppose that Jesus didn't even exist.  Even Eusebius wasn't trying to show that Jesus existed.

The whole question was whether or not Jesus was God, or the Messiah, etc, so naturally the material was geared in that direction.  One can suppose that if someone had said to Justin (for example) "But I deny Jesus even existed!" then he would have pursued the subject from that perspective.

Modern skeptics proceed on the notion that if I ask you to show me that you really own a car I should hold it against you if you fail to mention that you went to elementary school.
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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #6 on: April 15, 2009, 05:50:28 PM »

Well, the real sticking point for me isn't the missing volumes. I come to two possible conclusions on these. Either they were removed by Christians because they contradicted or ignored the Christ story. Or they were removed by enemies of Christianity because they supported the Christ story.

The sticking point for me is that writers that came immediately after Tacitus do not reference him at all, even when they are looking to support the Christ story. If there was anything in Tacitus that supported the Christ story, surely writers looking to support the Christ story, with very little documentation to go on, would have referenced these missing volumes before they went missing. Since they do not, one can draw the reasonable conclusion that Tacitus did not write extensively about Christ.
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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #7 on: April 15, 2009, 06:37:41 PM »

The sticking point for me is that writers that came immediately after Tacitus do not reference him at all, even when they are looking to support the Christ story. If there was anything in Tacitus that supported the Christ story, surely writers looking to support the Christ story, with very little documentation to go on, would have referenced these missing volumes before they went missing. Since they do not, one can draw the reasonable conclusion that Tacitus did not write extensively about Christ.

Of course one must ask why anyone looking to support the story of Christ (which presumably would be the first few generations of Christians) would consider Tacitus's work (as he was known for his anti-Jewish and anti-Christian bias) as being needed over more directly witnessed accounts like the Gospels. I think that goes into the point SJ made: they wouldn't think people were so utterly daft as to think the basic fact of Jesus Christ's existence would be questioned. I wouldn't expect an "extensive" writing to support Christ's story anyway as his claims of Messiah were hotly in dispute (and still are). It's the basic fact of Christ's existence that is being challanged, and as noted it's being treated as an offhanded fact by Tacitus in what works do still exist.

So it simply goes to show that those who claim Christ was never mentioned by Josephus or Tacitus are completely off their gourd. It's even more telling when the very fact that the existence of skeptics disputing that their references don't prove anything means they have to acknowledged Christ WAS mentioned by both sources in order for the dispute to even exist. Quite sad.
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Anthony Horvath

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Re: A Silence That Screams
« Reply #8 on: April 15, 2009, 07:50:35 PM »

Look, you can't post a whole essay attacking the passages of Josephus and Tacitus as forgeries and then turn around and seriously suggest that the missing annals of Tacitus are because maybe Christians thought there was something embarrassing in them.  Isn't it obvious that if they are so dastardly as to insert passages into Josephus and 'tweak' Tacitus they aren't going to have any problem 'cleaning up' whatever is embarrassing in Tacitus?

Nor for that matter do I think that the enemies of Christians deleted them.

For any group to edit historical books in this sense it would be required to have access to all the copies that were extant to ensure that only the 'approved' versions were transmitted.  This kind of coordination and scope was possessed by few powers in ancient times.  Even the Romans couldn't pull it off completely and they ruled most of the region in question.

Here I think is the fatal flaw in the whole hyper-skeptical approach to this subject.   If Christians were so happy to invent passages here and there to support this or that argument, then there wouldn't be this 'silence that screams.'  Rather, there would be an abundance of passages in a variety of authors covering every conceivable objection that these Christians were being faced with.

You can't have it both ways.  You can't seriously posit that Christians were in the business of fabricating textual evidence and then point to a perceived lack of certain kinds of evidence as meaning anything.  How do you explain then their sudden hands off approach to the other documents?

There are less conspiratorial explanations for these things.  For example, the lost annals may simply have gotten lost.

Or, the reason why Josephus and Tacitus wasn't cited as much as skeptics think that Christians would have may be because skeptics aren't Christians in the 2nd century and so out of touch with what things that Christians in the 2nd century are interested in.

Or, the reason might be that these passages added very little to the arguments that they were involved in.   Or, they were unaware of the documents, or being aware, were not able to access them.

For example, up to this point I haven't cited Hitler's Mein Kampf.  2,000 years from now the latest Richard Carrier will argue that perhaps Hitler never wrote this book since I hadn't mentioned it yet.  The Lowder of 4,000 AD will come along and point to this post and my citation of Mein Kampf as a contrived invention to make the point that Christians will invent anything as it suits their fancy.  The Sntjohnny of 4,000 AD will point out that another solution is that there really was a Mein Kampf written by Hitler but the reason it wasn't mentioned to this point was because it was irrelevant and it became relevant only as an illustration of how people don't mention things they don't think are relevant to the argument at hand!

I think the best cure for this whole line of skeptical argumentation is simply to open up a bunch of history books and become acquainted with the time in question.  For the first three hundred years of Christianity's existence it was on the run.  It was hardly in a position to be corrupting texts left and right and they certainly couldn't quote from their corrupted text and be quite certain that no other edition existed elsewhere.  Then, even after Christianity became the state religion, it didn't remain so for very long.  With the sack of Rome c. 400 AD (ie, just a scant 75 years as state religion, not excluding the 10 year reign of Julian the Apostate who rejected Christianity), Rome began its descent into destruction.  The empire became fractured.  All the while, societies in Syria, Persia, and Egypt continued in various ways to flourish.  There was the rise of the Byzantine Empire, which was generally stable while the west was in shambles.

It is difficult to imagine how in this context there could be a systematic attempt to re-write history as in numerous places in the region 'uncorrupted' documents could remain untouched.

Richard Carrier, we are told, is a trained historian.  Well, I don't think he knows his history.  Or, more charitably, his fierce bias prevents him from coming to terms with reality as the historical circumstances actually presents things.

But I've just ranted for a bit.  My apologies.  My essential point is that once you've posited that Christians were tampering with documents it because silly to point to any apparent 'gaps' as obviously if Christians were as naughty as we are asked to believe, they would have hastened to fill them.  So what do the 'gaps' really mean?  Would they not in fact add to Christianity's credibility at the time, and hence war against the supposition that they were busy fabricating evidence?
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